{"id":900,"date":"2026-10-24T13:04:40","date_gmt":"2026-10-24T11:04:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uncoeurquiagit-associationhumanitaire.fr\/?p=900"},"modified":"2026-10-24T13:04:40","modified_gmt":"2026-10-24T11:04:40","slug":"maladies-liees-a-leau-insalubre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uncoeurquiagit.fr\/en\/maladies-liees-a-leau-insalubre\/","title":{"rendered":"Maladies li\u00e9es \u00e0 l&rsquo;eau insalubre : risques et pr\u00e9vention"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>En bref :<\/strong> l&rsquo;eau insalubre transmet surtout des maladies diarrh\u00e9iques, le chol\u00e9ra, la fi\u00e8vre typho\u00efde, l&rsquo;h\u00e9patite A et des parasites intestinaux. Les enfants de moins de cinq ans sont les plus touch\u00e9s : selon l&rsquo;OMS, les maladies diarrh\u00e9iques font partie des principales causes de d\u00e9c\u00e8s \u00e0 cet \u00e2ge, alors qu&rsquo;elles sont en grande partie \u00e9vitables. La pr\u00e9vention repose sur trois gestes compl\u00e9mentaires : une eau potable, des toilettes hygi\u00e9niques et le lavage des mains au savon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comment une eau devient dangereuse<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans la grande majorit\u00e9 des cas, le danger vient d&rsquo;une contamination par des mati\u00e8res f\u00e9cales humaines ou animales. Des bact\u00e9ries, des virus ou des parasites passent dans une rivi\u00e8re, une source non prot\u00e9g\u00e9e ou un puits ouvert, puis dans l&rsquo;eau de boisson. Selon l&rsquo;OMS, plus d&rsquo;un milliard et demi de personnes dans le monde boivent une eau issue d&rsquo;une source contamin\u00e9e de cette fa\u00e7on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les risques augmentent en saison des pluies, quand le ruissellement entra\u00eene les d\u00e9chets vers les points d&rsquo;eau. Ils augmentent aussi pendant le transport et le stockage : un bidon ouvert ou une louche sale suffisent \u00e0 recontaminer une eau qui \u00e9tait saine au d\u00e9part.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Attention aussi aux apparences : une eau claire et sans odeur peut contenir des microbes invisibles \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u0153il nu. \u00c0 l&rsquo;inverse, une eau l\u00e9g\u00e8rement trouble n&rsquo;est pas toujours dangereuse. Seuls un contr\u00f4le de la qualit\u00e9 et une source prot\u00e9g\u00e9e permettent d&rsquo;\u00eatre rassur\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les principales maladies li\u00e9es \u00e0 l&rsquo;eau insalubre<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Les maladies diarrh\u00e9iques.<\/strong> Les plus fr\u00e9quentes. Elles peuvent \u00eatre caus\u00e9es par de nombreux microbes et entra\u00eenent une perte rapide d&rsquo;eau et de sels min\u00e9raux.<\/li><li><strong>Le chol\u00e9ra.<\/strong> Une infection bact\u00e9rienne qui provoque des diarrh\u00e9es aigu\u00ebs et peut \u00e9voluer tr\u00e8s vite sans r\u00e9hydratation. Il survient souvent par \u00e9pid\u00e9mies, l\u00e0 o\u00f9 l&rsquo;eau et l&rsquo;assainissement font d\u00e9faut.<\/li><li><strong>La fi\u00e8vre typho\u00efde.<\/strong> Une infection bact\u00e9rienne transmise par l&rsquo;eau ou les aliments contamin\u00e9s, qui se manifeste notamment par une forte fi\u00e8vre prolong\u00e9e.<\/li><li><strong>L&rsquo;h\u00e9patite A.<\/strong> Une infection virale du foie, li\u00e9e elle aussi au manque d&rsquo;hygi\u00e8ne et \u00e0 l&rsquo;eau contamin\u00e9e.<\/li><li><strong>Les parasites intestinaux.<\/strong> Vers intestinaux, amibes ou giardia, qui fatiguent l&rsquo;organisme, g\u00eanent l&rsquo;absorption des aliments et freinent la croissance des enfants.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D&rsquo;autres maladies sont li\u00e9es non pas \u00e0 l&rsquo;eau que l&rsquo;on boit, mais \u00e0 l&rsquo;eau qui stagne. La bilharziose se contracte au contact de certaines eaux douces infest\u00e9es. Les eaux us\u00e9es mal \u00e9vacu\u00e9es autour d&rsquo;un point d&rsquo;eau peuvent aussi favoriser la prolif\u00e9ration des moustiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pourquoi les enfants de moins de 5 ans sont les plus touch\u00e9s<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un jeune enfant se d\u00e9shydrate beaucoup plus vite qu&rsquo;un adulte. Une diarrh\u00e9e s\u00e9v\u00e8re peut devenir grave en quelques heures, surtout loin d&rsquo;un centre de sant\u00e9. Selon l&rsquo;OMS, les maladies diarrh\u00e9iques co\u00fbtent chaque ann\u00e9e la vie \u00e0 des centaines de milliers d&rsquo;enfants de moins de cinq ans dans le monde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il existe aussi un cercle vicieux. Des diarrh\u00e9es r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es emp\u00eachent l&rsquo;enfant de bien absorber ce qu&rsquo;il mange, ce qui l&rsquo;affaiblit et le rend plus vuln\u00e9rable \u00e0 l&rsquo;infection suivante. \u00c0 long terme, cela peut peser sur sa croissance et sur sa scolarit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Face \u00e0 une diarrh\u00e9e, la r\u00e9hydratation est essentielle, et l&rsquo;OMS recommande les sels de r\u00e9hydratation orale. Cet article reste informatif : en cas de sympt\u00f4mes, l&rsquo;avis d&rsquo;un professionnel de sant\u00e9 est indispensable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pr\u00e9venir : eau potable, toilettes, lavage des mains<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La bonne nouvelle, c&rsquo;est que ces maladies sont largement \u00e9vitables. Les mesures les plus efficaces sont connues et se renforcent les unes les autres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Une source d&rsquo;eau potable prot\u00e9g\u00e9e.<\/strong> Un forage qui puise dans une nappe profonde, avec un point d&rsquo;eau propre et bien drain\u00e9.<\/li><li><strong>Un stockage s\u00fbr.<\/strong> Des r\u00e9cipients propres et ferm\u00e9s, et un moyen de puiser sans y plonger les mains.<\/li><li><strong>Le traitement \u00e0 domicile si besoin.<\/strong> Faire bouillir ou chlorer l&rsquo;eau quand aucune source s\u00fbre n&rsquo;est disponible.<\/li><li><strong>Des latrines hygi\u00e9niques.<\/strong> Pour que les excr\u00e9ments ne contaminent plus le sol ni l&rsquo;eau.<\/li><li><strong>Le lavage des mains au savon.<\/strong> Apr\u00e8s \u00eatre all\u00e9 aux toilettes, avant de cuisiner et avant de manger.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aucune de ces mesures ne suffit seule. Une eau potable peut \u00eatre recontamin\u00e9e par des mains sales, et des mains propres ne prot\u00e8gent pas d&rsquo;une eau contamin\u00e9e. C&rsquo;est leur combinaison qui fait reculer les maladies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&rsquo;\u00e9cole joue ici un r\u00f4le cl\u00e9. Les enfants qui apprennent \u00e0 se laver les mains en classe rapportent souvent ces gestes \u00e0 la maison, aupr\u00e8s de leurs fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs plus jeunes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ce que nous faisons sur le terrain<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En novembre 2024, au camp de Bond\u00e9, dans la r\u00e9gion du Centre du Cameroun, nous avons constat\u00e9 que les familles d\u00e9pendaient des eaux environnantes pour leurs besoins quotidiens, avec les risques sanitaires que cela implique. C&rsquo;est ce type de situation qui guide notre action pour l&rsquo;eau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Depuis, Un C\u0153ur Qui Agit a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 des forages d&rsquo;eau potable \u00e0 Omeng, \u00e0 Bamena et \u00e0 Bamougoum, pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s sur notre page <a href=\"\/forage-eau-potable-cameroun\/\">forages d&rsquo;eau potable au Cameroun<\/a>. Lors de l&rsquo;inauguration du forage de Bamena, des kits d&rsquo;hygi\u00e8ne ont aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 distribu\u00e9s. \u00c0 Douala, nous avons particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la vidange des fosses septiques de l&rsquo;<a href=\"\/orphelinat-nouvelle-destinee-douala\/\">orphelinat Nouvelle Destin\u00e9e<\/a> afin d&rsquo;am\u00e9liorer les conditions d&rsquo;hygi\u00e8ne des enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Votre don nous aide \u00e0 poursuivre ces actions. Il est d\u00e9ductible \u00e0 66 % de vos imp\u00f4ts : un don de 50 \u20ac ne vous co\u00fbte que 17 \u20ac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-3e41869c wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-fill\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-vivid-red-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"\/faire-un-don\/\">Donner pour l&rsquo;eau potable<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Questions fr\u00e9quentes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quelle est la maladie la plus fr\u00e9quente li\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;eau insalubre ?<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les maladies diarrh\u00e9iques, caus\u00e9es par des bact\u00e9ries, des virus ou des parasites pr\u00e9sents dans une eau contamin\u00e9e par des mati\u00e8res f\u00e9cales. Elles touchent en premier lieu les jeunes enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Faire bouillir l&rsquo;eau suffit-il \u00e0 la rendre potable ?<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&rsquo;\u00e9bullition d\u00e9truit la plupart des microbes et reste une bonne solution quand il n&rsquo;existe pas de source s\u00fbre. Mais elle demande du combustible et du temps, et l&rsquo;eau peut \u00eatre recontamin\u00e9e pendant le stockage. Une source d&rsquo;eau potable prot\u00e9g\u00e9e reste la solution durable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comment pr\u00e9venir les maladies li\u00e9es \u00e0 l&rsquo;eau ?<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En combinant trois mesures : l&rsquo;acc\u00e8s \u00e0 une eau potable, des toilettes ou latrines hygi\u00e9niques, et le lavage des mains au savon, notamment apr\u00e8s \u00eatre all\u00e9 aux toilettes et avant de manger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Quelle est la maladie la plus fr\u00e9quente li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'eau insalubre ?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Les maladies diarrh\u00e9iques, caus\u00e9es par des bact\u00e9ries, des virus ou des parasites pr\u00e9sents dans une eau contamin\u00e9e par des mati\u00e8res f\u00e9cales. 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Pourquoi les moins de 5 ans sont les plus touch\u00e9s et comment les pr\u00e9venir.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":767,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-900","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guides-conseils"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Maladies li\u00e9es \u00e0 l&#039;eau insalubre : risques et pr\u00e9vention - UN COEUR QUI AGIT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Maladies li\u00e9es \u00e0 l&#039;eau insalubre : diarrh\u00e9es, chol\u00e9ra, typho\u00efde, parasites. 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