{"id":912,"date":"2026-10-21T16:17:29","date_gmt":"2026-10-21T14:17:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uncoeurquiagit-associationhumanitaire.fr\/?p=912"},"modified":"2026-10-21T16:17:29","modified_gmt":"2026-10-21T14:17:29","slug":"hygiene-et-assainissement-afrique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uncoeurquiagit.fr\/en\/hygiene-et-assainissement-afrique\/","title":{"rendered":"Hygi\u00e8ne et assainissement en Afrique : l&rsquo;essentiel \u00e0 savoir"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>En bref :<\/strong> l&rsquo;hygi\u00e8ne et l&rsquo;assainissement en Afrique, c&rsquo;est tout ce qui emp\u00eache les excr\u00e9ments et les eaux us\u00e9es de contaminer l&rsquo;eau, les mains et la nourriture : des latrines, le lavage des mains au savon, l&rsquo;\u00e9vacuation des eaux us\u00e9es et la vidange des fosses. Sans eux, m\u00eame une eau potable peut \u00eatre recontamin\u00e9e. Selon l&rsquo;OMS et l&rsquo;UNICEF, plus de trois milliards de personnes dans le monde n&rsquo;ont toujours pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 un assainissement g\u00e9r\u00e9 en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Eau, assainissement, hygi\u00e8ne : un trio ins\u00e9parable<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les sp\u00e9cialistes parlent d&rsquo;\u00ab EAH \u00bb : eau, assainissement et hygi\u00e8ne. Ces trois domaines fonctionnent ensemble. Un forage apporte une eau saine, mais si les familles n&rsquo;ont pas de toilettes et ne peuvent pas se laver les mains, les microbes continuent de circuler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>L&rsquo;eau potable<\/strong> \u00e9vite d&rsquo;avaler des microbes en buvant.<\/li><li><strong>L&rsquo;assainissement<\/strong> (latrines, fosses, \u00e9vacuations) isole les excr\u00e9ments et les eaux us\u00e9es.<\/li><li><strong>L&rsquo;hygi\u00e8ne<\/strong> (lavage des mains, propret\u00e9 de l&rsquo;eau stock\u00e9e et des aliments) coupe la transmission au quotidien.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C&rsquo;est cette combinaison qui fait reculer les diarrh\u00e9es, le chol\u00e9ra ou la fi\u00e8vre typho\u00efde, qui touchent d&rsquo;abord les jeunes enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les latrines, premi\u00e8re barri\u00e8re contre les maladies<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Des centaines de millions de personnes dans le monde, en grande partie en Afrique subsaharienne et en Asie du Sud, n&rsquo;ont encore d&rsquo;autre choix que de faire leurs besoins \u00e0 l&rsquo;air libre. Les excr\u00e9ments sont alors entra\u00een\u00e9s par la pluie vers les sources, les rivi\u00e8res et les puits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une latrine bien con\u00e7ue change cela. Les mod\u00e8les les plus courants vont de la simple fosse couverte d&rsquo;une dalle lavable \u00e0 la latrine am\u00e9lior\u00e9e ventil\u00e9e, qui limite les odeurs et les mouches. Quelques r\u00e8gles de bon sens s&rsquo;appliquent : la placer \u00e0 bonne distance et en contrebas des points d&rsquo;eau, garder une dalle propre et pr\u00e9voir un point de lavage des mains juste \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9. Pour les filles et les femmes, des toilettes ferm\u00e9es et s\u00fbres sont aussi une question de dignit\u00e9 et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C&rsquo;est particuli\u00e8rement vrai \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9cole. Sans toilettes s\u00e9par\u00e9es ni point d&rsquo;eau, beaucoup d&rsquo;adolescentes manquent la classe pendant leurs r\u00e8gles. Des latrines propres, ferm\u00e9es et \u00e9quip\u00e9es d&rsquo;eau font partie des conditions d&rsquo;une scolarit\u00e9 normale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le lavage des mains, le geste qui prot\u00e8ge le plus<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se laver les mains au savon est l&rsquo;un des moyens les plus simples et les moins co\u00fbteux de pr\u00e9venir les maladies diarrh\u00e9iques et respiratoires. Encore faut-il disposer d&rsquo;eau et de savon au bon endroit. Les moments cl\u00e9s sont connus :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>apr\u00e8s \u00eatre all\u00e9 aux toilettes ;<\/li><li>apr\u00e8s avoir chang\u00e9 un b\u00e9b\u00e9 ;<\/li><li>avant de pr\u00e9parer les repas ;<\/li><li>avant de manger ou de nourrir un enfant.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un dispositif tr\u00e8s simple, comme un bidon muni d&rsquo;un robinet plac\u00e9 pr\u00e8s des latrines, suffit souvent. Le plus important est d&rsquo;en faire une habitude, \u00e0 la maison comme \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9cole, o\u00f9 les enfants deviennent souvent les meilleurs relais aupr\u00e8s de leur famille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">G\u00e9rer les eaux us\u00e9es et vider les fosses<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&rsquo;assainissement ne s&rsquo;arr\u00eate pas \u00e0 la construction des toilettes. Les eaux de vaisselle, de lessive ou de toilette qui stagnent autour des maisons ou d&rsquo;un point d&rsquo;eau deviennent des foyers de microbes et de moustiques. Une rigole d&rsquo;\u00e9vacuation et un puisard bien plac\u00e9 r\u00e8glent d\u00e9j\u00e0 une grande partie du probl\u00e8me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les fosses, elles, se remplissent. Une fosse septique pleine d\u00e9borde ou s&rsquo;infiltre dans le sol, contamine l&rsquo;environnement et peut atteindre les nappes. En ville, notamment, la vidange r\u00e9guli\u00e8re par un camion sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 est indispensable, surtout dans les lieux o\u00f9 vivent beaucoup d&rsquo;enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c0 Douala, l&rsquo;exemple de l&rsquo;orphelinat Nouvelle Destin\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nous l&rsquo;avons v\u00e9cu tr\u00e8s concr\u00e8tement \u00e0 l&rsquo;<a href=\"\/orphelinat-nouvelle-destinee-douala\/\">orphelinat Nouvelle Destin\u00e9e<\/a>, notre partenaire officiel \u00e0 Douala, qui accompagne 65 enfants orphelins et vuln\u00e9rables. Lors de notre premi\u00e8re intervention, le 1er mars 2025, Un C\u0153ur Qui Agit a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la vidange des fosses septiques afin d&rsquo;am\u00e9liorer les conditions d&rsquo;hygi\u00e8ne des enfants. Une vid\u00e9o consacr\u00e9e \u00e0 la vidange de la fosse septique de l&rsquo;orphelinat est d&rsquo;ailleurs disponible sur sa page.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce n&rsquo;\u00e9tait qu&rsquo;un d\u00e9but. L&rsquo;am\u00e9lioration des locaux, assainissement et cr\u00e8che-garderie compris, fait partie de ce que financent vos dons \u00e0 l&rsquo;orphelinat, au m\u00eame titre que les produits d&rsquo;hygi\u00e8ne. En mai 2026, nous avons apport\u00e9 un soutien financier aux travaux de construction de la cr\u00e8che-garderie, qui permettra d&rsquo;accueillir les tout-petits dans de meilleures conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce type d&rsquo;action est peu spectaculaire. Il ne se prend pas en photo aussi facilement qu&rsquo;une distribution ou une inauguration. Pourtant, dans un lieu o\u00f9 vivent des dizaines d&rsquo;enfants, une fosse vidang\u00e9e, des sanitaires en bon \u00e9tat et du savon disponible sont la base d&rsquo;une vie quotidienne saine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans les villages, nous agissons aussi pour l&rsquo;eau : forages d&rsquo;Omeng, de Bamena et de Bamougoum, et distribution de kits d&rsquo;hygi\u00e8ne lors de l&rsquo;inauguration du forage de Bamena, \u00e0 d\u00e9couvrir sur notre page <a href=\"\/forage-eau-potable-cameroun\/\">forages d&rsquo;eau potable au Cameroun<\/a>. Votre don est d\u00e9ductible \u00e0 66 % de vos imp\u00f4ts : un don de 50 \u20ac ne vous co\u00fbte que 17 \u20ac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-3e41869c wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-fill\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-vivid-red-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"\/faire-un-don\/\">Am\u00e9liorer l&rsquo;hygi\u00e8ne des enfants<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Questions fr\u00e9quentes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quelle diff\u00e9rence entre hygi\u00e8ne et assainissement ?<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&rsquo;assainissement d\u00e9signe les infrastructures qui isolent les excr\u00e9ments et les eaux us\u00e9es : latrines, fosses, \u00e9vacuations. L&rsquo;hygi\u00e8ne d\u00e9signe les gestes du quotidien, comme le lavage des mains au savon ou la propret\u00e9 de l&rsquo;eau stock\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pourquoi faut-il vidanger une fosse septique ?<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une fosse pleine d\u00e9borde ou s&rsquo;infiltre dans le sol, contamine l&rsquo;environnement et attire mouches et moustiques. La vidanger r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement prot\u00e8ge la sant\u00e9 de celles et ceux qui vivent autour, en particulier des enfants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Un forage suffit-il \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger la sant\u00e9 d&rsquo;un village ?<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Non. L&rsquo;eau d&rsquo;un forage peut \u00eatre recontamin\u00e9e pendant le transport ou le stockage. Elle doit aller de pair avec des latrines, le lavage des mains au savon et une bonne \u00e9vacuation des eaux us\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Quelle diff\u00e9rence entre hygi\u00e8ne et assainissement ?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"L'assainissement d\u00e9signe les infrastructures qui isolent les excr\u00e9ments et les eaux us\u00e9es : latrines, fosses, \u00e9vacuations. L'hygi\u00e8ne d\u00e9signe les gestes du quotidien, comme le lavage des mains au savon ou la propret\u00e9 de l'eau stock\u00e9e.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Pourquoi faut-il vidanger une fosse septique ?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Une fosse pleine d\u00e9borde ou s'infiltre dans le sol, contamine l'environnement et attire mouches et moustiques. 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Pourquoi l&rsquo;eau potable ne suffit pas seule.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":628,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-912","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guides-conseils"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Hygi\u00e8ne et assainissement en Afrique : l&#039;essentiel \u00e0 savoir - UN COEUR QUI AGIT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hygi\u00e8ne et assainissement en Afrique : latrines, lavage des mains, eaux us\u00e9es, vidange des fosses. 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